Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka asezimbonini angenawo ugesi kuyinjongo ebalulekile emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokufeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwamanzi amdaka nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo, ukunciphisa ukungcola kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngizokwethula izindlela eziningana ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe bokuphathwa kwamanzi amdaka asezimbonini angenawo ugesi.
Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngokomzimba bungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokufeza ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini okungakhiphi lutho. Phakathi kwazo, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi buyindlela yokwelapha ngokomzimba ephumelelayo neyonga amandla. Ngokusebenzisa izinto zolwelwesi ezinobukhulu obuhlukene be-pore, izinto eziyingozi kanye nama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini amdaka ahlukaniswa ngempumelelo ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga obune-membrane ephindwe kabili, okungukuthi inqubo yokuhlanganisa ulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration kanye nolwelwesi lwe-osmosis olubuyela emuva, bungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi. Lobu buchwepheshe bungafeza ukuhlungwa okujulile kwamanzi amdaka amaningi, bususe izingxenye eziyingozi, futhi buphinde busebenzise amanzi amdaka ngokunembile ukuze kufezwe ukuhlungwa okungenayo lutho.
Okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali buyindlela ebalulekile yokufeza ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini okungenakukhishwa. Ubuchwepheshe be-Redox buguqula ukungcola emanzini amdaka kube izinto ezingezona ezinobuthi nezingenangozi ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukwelashwa okujulile kwamanzi amdaka. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuxiliswa, njenge-Fenton oxidation kanye ne-ozone oxidation, bungasusa ngempumelelo izinto eziphilayo okunzima ukuzibolisa emanzini amdaka futhi buthuthukise i-biochemistry yamanzi amdaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokuchithwa kwamakhemikhali, indlela yokushintshana kwama-ion, njll. nazo ziyindlela yokwelapha yamakhemikhali evame ukusetshenziswa, engasusa ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nezinto ezilengisiwe emanzini amdaka.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo buyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini okungakhiphi lutho. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo busebenzisa i-metabolism yezinto eziphilayo ukuze zibole futhi ziguqule izinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka. Ubuchwepheshe obuvamile bokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo buhlanganisa ukungcola okusebenzayo, i-biofilm, kanye nokugaya okungena-aerobic. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasusa ngempumelelo ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka, bunciphise isidingo se-oxygen (BOD) kanye nesidingo se-oxygen (COD) samakhemikhali emanzini amdaka, futhi bufeze ukwelashwa okungenangozi kwamanzi amdaka.
Ngaphezu kwezindlela eziningana zobuchwepheshe ezingenhla, kunezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezisafufusa ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini ukuze kungabikho ukukhishwa kwamanzi. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba amanzi amdaka bufinyelela ekuhlukanisweni kwamanzi amdaka ngoketshezi oluqinile ngokuwashisa amanzi emanzini amdaka ukuze usawoti oncibilikisiwe kuwo ucwebezele futhi uphume. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasusa usawoti nezinto eziyingozi emanzini amdaka ngempumelelo futhi bufinyelele umgomo wokukhipha amanzi amdaka ngaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisa izinsiza nakho kuyisihluthulelo sokufeza ukungabikho kokukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini. Ngokukhipha nokubuyisa izingxenye eziwusizo emanzini amdaka, akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinsiza kungafezwa. Isibonelo, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka kungatholakala futhi kusetshenziswe ngezindlela ezithile zobuchwepheshe ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amdaka ngendlela ewusizo.
Ngamafuphi, kunezindlela ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe zokuphatha amanzi angcolile asezimbonini ngaphandle kokukhipha amanzi, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngokomzimba, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha amakhemikhali, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha izinto eziphilayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubuyisa izinsiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwalawa matheknoloji kudinga ukukhethwa nokuthuthukiswa ngokuya ngohlobo lwamanzi angcolile kanye nezidingo zokwelashwa, ukuze kufezwe umgomo wokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile okusebenzayo, okonga amandla kanye nobungani nemvelo ngaphandle kokukhipha amanzi. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kukholakala ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kuzoba nezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezithuthuke kakhulu ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile asezimbonini, ukukhuthaza imbangela yokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezingeni eliphakeme.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-29-2024