Ukukhishwa kwe-Zero Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kuwumgomo obalulekile emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokufinyelela ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngizokwethula izindlela zobuchwepheshe eziningi zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini zero zero discharge.
Okokuqala nje, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngokomzimba bungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthola ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini akhipha i-zero. Phakathi kwazo, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo neyonga amandla. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-membrane yezinto ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene be-pore, izinto eziyingozi kanye nama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile ahlukaniswa ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kuzuzwe injongo yokuhlanza amanzi. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga be-Dual-membrane, okungukuthi inqubo yokuhlanganisa ulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration kanye nolwelwesi oluhlehla lwe-osmosis, lungenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi. Lobu buchwepheshe bungafinyelela ukuhlungwa okujulile okuningi kwamanzi angcolile, kususe izingxenye eziyingozi, futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha ngokunembile amanzi angcolile ukuze kuzuzwe ukungabikho kokukhishwa.
Okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngamakhemikhali bubuye buyindlela ebalulekile yokufeza ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Ubuchwepheshe be-Redox buguqula ukungcola emanzini angcolile kube izinto ezingenabo ubuthi nezingenabungozi ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuze ukwelashwa okujulile kwamanzi angcolile. Ubuchwepheshe be-oxidation obuthuthukisiwe, obufana ne-Fenton oxidation kanye ne-oxidation ye-ozone, bungasusa ngempumelelo izinto eziphilayo okunzima uku-biodegrade emanzini angcolile futhi zithuthukise i-biochemistry yamanzi angcolile. Ukwengeza, indlela yamakhemikhali yemvula, indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion, njll. nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, obungasusa ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nodaba olumisiwe emanzini angcolile.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha bebhayoloji buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ezingakhiphi. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha bebhayoloji busebenzisa i-metabolism yama-microorganisms ukubola nokuguqula izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile. Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokwelapha bebhayoloji buhlanganisa udaka olucushiwe, i-biofilm, kanye nokugaya kwe-anaerobic. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasusa kahle ukungcola kwemvelo emanzini angcolile, kunciphise isidingo somoya-mpilo we-biochemical (BOD) kanye nesidingo somoya-mpilo wamakhemikhali (COD) samanzi angcolile, futhi zithole ukwelashwa okungenangozi kwamanzi angcolile.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe ezimbalwa ezingenhla, kukhona obunye ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obubuye bubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile ezimbonini zero zero. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuhwamuka kwekristalu buzuza ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile lwamanzi angcolile ngokuhwamulisa amanzi emanzini angcolile ukuze usawoti oncibilike kuwo ucwebezele futhi uhle uphume. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasusa kahle usawoti kanye nezinto eziyingozi emanzini angcolile futhi kufinyelele umgomo wokukhipha i-zero.
Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe bokutholwa kwezinsiza buyisihluthulelo sokuzuza ukungabikho kokukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Ngokukhipha kanye nokuthola izingxenye eziwusizo emanzini angcolile, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile kungancishiswa, kodwa nokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza kungafinyelelwa. Isibonelo, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile zingatholwa futhi zisetshenziswe ngezindlela ezithile zobuchwepheshe ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi angcolile ngokuhlakanipha.
Kafushane, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe zokwelapha amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ngokukhipha iqanda, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngokomzimba, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwebhayoloji kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthola kabusha izinsiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kudinga ukukhethwa futhi kuthuthukiswe ngokuya ngohlobo lwamanzi angcolile kanye nezidingo zokwelashwa, ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo wokwelapha amanzi angcolile ngendlela ephumelelayo, ewonga ugesi kanye neyobungani nemvelo ngaphandle kokuthi akhishwe. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kukholakala ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kuzoba nezindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni wokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, ukukhuthaza imbangela yokuvikelwa kwemvelo ibe sezingeni eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-29-2024